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2026-08-04 at 6:46 PM in reply to: EspressifESP32 #19771

Participant

Thank you so much.

I am not using the AWS stuff for now but I will be deploying mosquitto on cloud at some time.
if this old firmware create problem at that point, I will update the firmware.
Thank you again.

2026-08-04 at 6:31 PM in reply to: EspressifESP32 #19769

Sabin

Participant

I am using EnviroDIY fork. Until now everything is working. I am able to make both http post, and mqtt connection.
I checked and mine esp32 firmware version is 2.4.0. So,Is it because of this lower version, I had to do some hack around for ssl connection?
Below is the part of workaround I coded to make it work with hydroserver.

void ExpressifESP32::extraSetupForHTTPS(const char* host, const int port) {
  // Some HTTPS servers(like playground instance of hydroserver) host multiple domains on the same IP address.
  // During the TLS handshake, the modem must send the hostname using
  // Server Name Indication so the server can present the correct
  // SSL/TLS certificate. Without SNI, the connection may fail even
  // though DNS resolution and TCP connectivity succeed.
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPRECVMODE=1"));
  // Ref: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/release-v2.4.0.0/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#at-cipsslcsni-query-set-ssl-client-server-name-indication-sni
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSSLCSNI=0,\""), host, GF("\""));
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSSLCSNI=1,\""), host, GF("\""));
  delay(3000);

  // See : https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/latest/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#cmd-start
  // same as above. This also need to be done twice
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSTART=0,\"SSL\",\""), host, GF("\","), port);
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSTART=1,\"SSL\",\""), host, GF("\","), port);
}

void ExpressifESP32::extraSetupForHTTPS(const char* host, const int port) {

// Some HTTPS servers(like playground instance of hydroserver) host multiple domains on the same IP address.

// During the TLS handshake, the modem must send the hostname using

// Server Name Indication so the server can present the correct

// SSL/TLS certificate. Without SNI, the connection may fail even

// though DNS resolution and TCP connectivity succeed.

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPRECVMODE=1"));

// Ref: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/release-v2.4.0.0/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#at-cipsslcsni-query-set-ssl-client-server-name-indication-sni

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSSLCSNI=0,\""), host, GF("\""));

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSSLCSNI=1,\""), host, GF("\""));

delay(3000);

// See : https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/latest/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#cmd-start

// same as above. This also need to be done twice

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSTART=0,\"SSL\",\""), host, GF("\","), port);

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPSTART=1,\"SSL\",\""), host, GF("\","), port);

}

2026-08-04 at 5:36 PM in reply to: EspressifESP32 #19767

Sabin

Participant

I have.
Before opening a tcp connection, the Socket Receiving Mode should be made to 1 (passive mode). I have no idea why it works only while doing this. But it works.

void ExpressifESP32::extraSetupForMQTT(){
  // See :https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/release-v2.4.0.0/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#at-ciprecvmode-query-set-socket-receiving-mode
  // This should be done before opening tcp connection
  _modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPRECVMODE=1"));
}

void ExpressifESP32::extraSetupForMQTT(){

// See :https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-at/en/release-v2.4.0.0/esp32/AT_Command_Set/TCP-IP_AT_Commands.html#at-ciprecvmode-query-set-socket-receiving-mode

// This should be done before opening tcp connection

_modem.sendAT(GF("+CIPRECVMODE=1"));

}

I found the modularsensor implementation difficult. Therefore wrote my own small class that wraps tinygsm for the functions that I need.

One thing I found is modemBaud is 57600 which is different from the comments in the esp class

2026-07-22 at 8:35 AM in reply to: EspressifESP32 #19739

Sabin

Participant

Never mind. The wifi worked. I used AT+CWMODE? and change it from SoftAP to Station mode.
But I am struggling to use this to connect to mqtt broker.

2026-07-02 at 8:32 PM in reply to: Secure Client for DigiXbee #19725

Sabin

Participant

Thanks for the reply.
So, how do I even do POST request to server running on the web? Are there any Wifi modules that are alternative to Xbee that supports SecureClient?

2026-03-20 at 2:35 PM in reply to: DigiXBeeWifi class mqtt codeflow example #19624

Sabin

Participant

Thank you for your response.
I used TinyGSM directly and got into this problem. I was deploying broker locally,, the code on the inside check for dns lookup.. Currently I commented this code out and tinygsm works.
https://github.com/issues/created?issue=vshymanskyy%7CTinyGSM%7C854

This is what my full code looks without tinygsm:

#define XBEE_PWR 18 
#define XBEE_SERIAL Serial1

#include <ModularSensors.h>
#include <modems/DigiXBeeWifi.h>
#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>

// the broker id doesn't matter as client is already connected to that ip with xctu
const char  broker[]     = "asdasd";
const int   port         = 1883;
const char* mqttClientID = "MayflyXBee";

const int8_t powerPin        = 18;
const int8_t statusPin       = 19;
const int8_t modemResetPin   = 20;
const int8_t modemSleepRqPin = 23;


const char* ssid = "USU-guest";
const char* pwd  = "";

DigiXBeeWifi modemXBWF(&Serial1, powerPin, statusPin, false,
                        modemResetPin, modemSleepRqPin,
                        ssid, pwd, false);

class XBeeTransparentClient : public Client {
public:
    XBeeTransparentClient(Stream& s) : _stream(s) {}

    int connect(IPAddress ip, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }  
    int connect(const char* host, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }
    void stop() override {}
    uint8_t connected() override { return 1; }
    operator bool() override { return true; }

    size_t write(uint8_t b) override { return _stream.write(b); }
    size_t write(const uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.write(buf, size); }
    int available() override { return _stream.available(); }
    int read() override { return _stream.read(); }
    int read(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.readBytes(buf, size); }
    int peek() override { return _stream.peek(); }
    void flush() override {}

private:
    Stream& _stream;
};

XBeeTransparentClient xbeeClient(Serial1);
MqttClient mqttClient(xbeeClient);


void setup() {
    Serial.begin(9600);

    pinMode(XBEE_PWR, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(XBEE_PWR, HIGH);
    delay(2000);

    XBEE_SERIAL.begin(9600);

    if (!checkForConnection()) {
        Serial.println("Could not connect to WiFi");
        return;
    }
    Serial.println("WiFi connected!");
    delay(5000);
    mqttClient.setId(mqttClientID);
    Serial.println("starting mqtt");
    if (!mqttClient.connect(broker, port)) {
        Serial.print("MQTT failed, error: ");
        Serial.println(mqttClient.connectError());
    } else {
        Serial.println("MQTT connected!");
    }
}

void loop() {
  if (!mqttClient.connected()) {
        Serial.println("MQTT disconnected, reconnecting...");
        delay(3000);
        mqttClient.connect(broker, port);
        return;
    }

    mqttClient.poll();

    mqttClient.beginMessage("sensors/data");
    mqttClient.print("temperature=23.5");
    mqttClient.endMessage();

    Serial.println("Message sent");
    delay(2000);
}


bool checkForConnection() {
    String status   = "F";
    int    attempts = 0;

    XBEE_SERIAL.print("+++");
    delay(1100);
    clearXbeeSerialBuffer();

    while (status != "0" && attempts < 50) {
        XBEE_SERIAL.println("ATAI");
        delay(500);

        if (XBEE_SERIAL.available()) {
            String response = XBEE_SERIAL.readStringUntil('\n');
            response.trim();
            status = response;
        }

        attempts++;
        Serial.println(status);
        delay(1000);
    }

    XBEE_SERIAL.println("ATCN");
    delay(3000);
    clearXbeeSerialBuffer();
    delay(2000);

    return status == "0";  
}

void clearXbeeSerialBuffer() {
    while (XBEE_SERIAL.available()) {
        XBEE_SERIAL.read();
    }
}

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#define XBEE_PWR 18

#define XBEE_SERIAL Serial1

#include <ModularSensors.h>

#include <modems/DigiXBeeWifi.h>

#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>

// the broker id doesn't matter as client is already connected to that ip with xctu

const char broker[] = "asdasd";

const int port = 1883;

const char* mqttClientID = "MayflyXBee";

const int8_t powerPin = 18;

const int8_t statusPin = 19;

const int8_t modemResetPin = 20;

const int8_t modemSleepRqPin = 23;

const char* ssid = "USU-guest";

const char* pwd = "";

DigiXBeeWifi modemXBWF(&Serial1, powerPin, statusPin, false,

modemResetPin, modemSleepRqPin,

ssid, pwd, false);

class XBeeTransparentClient : public Client {

public:

XBeeTransparentClient(Stream& s) : _stream(s) {}

int connect(IPAddress ip, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }

int connect(const char* host, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }

void stop() override {}

uint8_t connected() override { return 1; }

operator bool() override { return true; }

size_t write(uint8_t b) override { return _stream.write(b); }

size_t write(const uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.write(buf, size); }

int available() override { return _stream.available(); }

int read() override { return _stream.read(); }

int read(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.readBytes(buf, size); }

int peek() override { return _stream.peek(); }

void flush() override {}

private:

Stream& _stream;

};

XBeeTransparentClient xbeeClient(Serial1);

MqttClient mqttClient(xbeeClient);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(XBEE_PWR, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(XBEE_PWR, HIGH);

delay(2000);

XBEE_SERIAL.begin(9600);

if (!checkForConnection()) {

Serial.println("Could not connect to WiFi");

return;

}

Serial.println("WiFi connected!");

delay(5000);

mqttClient.setId(mqttClientID);

Serial.println("starting mqtt");

if (!mqttClient.connect(broker, port)) {

Serial.print("MQTT failed, error: ");

Serial.println(mqttClient.connectError());

} else {

Serial.println("MQTT connected!");

}

void loop() {

if (!mqttClient.connected()) {

Serial.println("MQTT disconnected, reconnecting...");

delay(3000);

mqttClient.connect(broker, port);

return;

}

mqttClient.poll();

mqttClient.beginMessage("sensors/data");

mqttClient.print("temperature=23.5");

mqttClient.endMessage();

Serial.println("Message sent");

delay(2000);

}

bool checkForConnection() {

String status = "F";

int attempts = 0;

XBEE_SERIAL.print("+++");

delay(1100);

clearXbeeSerialBuffer();

while (status != "0" && attempts < 50) {

XBEE_SERIAL.println("ATAI");

delay(500);

if (XBEE_SERIAL.available()) {

String response = XBEE_SERIAL.readStringUntil('\n');

response.trim();

status = response;

}

attempts++;

Serial.println(status);

delay(1000);

}

XBEE_SERIAL.println("ATCN");

delay(3000);

clearXbeeSerialBuffer();

delay(2000);

return status == "0";

}

void clearXbeeSerialBuffer() {

while (XBEE_SERIAL.available()) {

XBEE_SERIAL.read();

}

This is how I am implementing tinygsm

// this is the working code
// but the mqtt connection closes immediately after first time
// need to figure out the reason
#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_XBEE
#define TINY_GSM_RX_BUFFER 256
#define TINY_GSM_USE_GPRS false
#define TINY_GSM_USE_WIFI true
#define TINY_GSM_DEBUG Serial

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TinyGsmClient.h>
#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>
#include <StreamDebugger.h>

#define SerialMon Serial
#define SerialAT  Serial1
#define XBEE_PWR  18

const char* broker    = "raspberrypi1.mypc.usu.edu";
const int   port      = 1883;
const char* topicTemp = "sensor/temperature";

StreamDebugger debugger(SerialAT, SerialMon);
TinyGsm        modem(debugger);
TinyGsmClient  client(modem);
MqttClient     mqtt(client);

void setup() {
  SerialMon.begin(9600);
  delay(20);

  pinMode(XBEE_PWR, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(XBEE_PWR, HIGH);
  delay(2000);

  SerialAT.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);

  SerialMon.println("Waiting for WiFi...");
  delay(5000);

  SerialMon.print("Local IP: ");
  SerialMon.println(modem.localIP());

  mqtt.setId("ArduinoTempSensor");
  mqtt.setTxPayloadSize(512);

  SerialMon.print("Connecting to MQTT broker: ");
  SerialMon.println(broker);
  if (!mqtt.connect(broker, port)) {
    SerialMon.print("MQTT connection failed, error code: ");
    SerialMon.println(mqtt.connectError());
  } else {
    SerialMon.println("MQTT connected!");
  }

 
}

void loop() {
  // Reconnect if dropped
  if (!mqtt.connected()) {
    SerialMon.print("MQTT disconnected, reconnecting... ");
    delay(1000);
    if (!mqtt.connect(broker, port)) {
      SerialMon.print("failed, error code: ");
      SerialMon.println(mqtt.connectError());
      delay(5000);
      return;
    }
    SerialMon.println("reconnected!");
  }

  mqtt.poll(); 


  // Publish temperature every 10 seconds
  static unsigned long lastMsg = 0;
  if (millis() - lastMsg > 10000L) {
    lastMsg = millis();

    float temperature = 20.0 + random(0, 150) / 10.0;
    SerialMon.println();
    SerialMon.print("This is the console output Publishing temperature: ");
    SerialMon.println(temperature);
    SerialMon.println();

    mqtt.beginMessage(topicTemp);
    mqtt.print(temperature);
    mqtt.endMessage();
  }
}

// this is the working code

// but the mqtt connection closes immediately after first time

// need to figure out the reason

#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_XBEE

#define TINY_GSM_RX_BUFFER 256

#define TINY_GSM_USE_GPRS false

#define TINY_GSM_USE_WIFI true

#define TINY_GSM_DEBUG Serial

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <TinyGsmClient.h>

#include <ArduinoMqttClient.h>

#include <StreamDebugger.h>

#define SerialMon Serial

#define SerialAT Serial1

#define XBEE_PWR 18

const char* broker = "raspberrypi1.mypc.usu.edu";

const int port = 1883;

const char* topicTemp = "sensor/temperature";

StreamDebugger debugger(SerialAT, SerialMon);

TinyGsm modem(debugger);

TinyGsmClient client(modem);

MqttClient mqtt(client);

void setup() {

SerialMon.begin(9600);

delay(20);

pinMode(XBEE_PWR, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(XBEE_PWR, HIGH);

delay(2000);

SerialAT.begin(9600);

delay(3000);

SerialMon.println("Waiting for WiFi...");

delay(5000);

SerialMon.print("Local IP: ");

SerialMon.println(modem.localIP());

mqtt.setId("ArduinoTempSensor");

mqtt.setTxPayloadSize(512);

SerialMon.print("Connecting to MQTT broker: ");

SerialMon.println(broker);

if (!mqtt.connect(broker, port)) {

SerialMon.print("MQTT connection failed, error code: ");

SerialMon.println(mqtt.connectError());

} else {

SerialMon.println("MQTT connected!");

}

void loop() {

// Reconnect if dropped

if (!mqtt.connected()) {

SerialMon.print("MQTT disconnected, reconnecting... ");

delay(1000);

if (!mqtt.connect(broker, port)) {

SerialMon.print("failed, error code: ");

SerialMon.println(mqtt.connectError());

delay(5000);

return;

}

SerialMon.println("reconnected!");

}

mqtt.poll();

// Publish temperature every 10 seconds

static unsigned long lastMsg = 0;

if (millis() - lastMsg > 10000L) {

lastMsg = millis();

float temperature = 20.0 + random(0, 150) / 10.0;

SerialMon.println();

SerialMon.print("This is the console output Publishing temperature: ");

SerialMon.println(temperature);

SerialMon.println();

mqtt.beginMessage(topicTemp);

mqtt.print(temperature);

mqtt.endMessage();

}

Tinygsm implementation will result in flaky broker connection like this:
1773954855: New client connected from 144.39.141.49:49164 as ArduinoTempSensor (p4, c1, k15). 1773954865: Client ArduinoTempSensor [144.39.141.49:49164] disconnected: connection closed by client. 1773954865: New connection from 144.39.141.49:49165 on port 1883. 1773954865: Protocol error from 144.39.141.49:49165: First packet not CONNECT (30). 1773954865: Client 144.39.141.49 [144.39.141.49:49165] disconnected: protocol error.

2026-03-20 at 1:45 PM in reply to: DigiXBeeWifi class mqtt codeflow example #19622

Sabin

Participant

Thank you for your response.
I think it’s the master branch.

Also, this is what I am trying to do.

DigiXBeeWifi modemXBWF(&Serial1, powerPin, statusPin, false,
modemResetPin, modemSleepRqPin,
ssid, pwd, false);

Client* netClient = nullptr;
MqttClient* mqttClient = nullptr;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial1.begin(9600);
delay(2000);

if (!modemXBWF.connectInternet(60000L)) {
Serial.println(“WiFi failed!”);
return;
}
Serial.println(“WiFi connected!”);

delay(1200);

netClient = modemXBWF.createClient();
mqttClient = new MqttClient(*netClient);

<div>Somehow this code is called. bool DigiXBeeWifi::extraModemSetup(void). I don’t know which line does this. So the broker connection fails.
I have used this workaround by implementing the Client with just a fake abstract wrapper and preconnect xbee s6b with xctu…
class XBeeTransparentClient : public Client {
public:
XBeeTransparentClient(Stream& s) : _stream(s) {}int connect(IPAddress ip, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }
int connect(const char* host, uint16_t port) override { return 1; }
void stop() override {}
uint8_t connected() override { return 1; }
operator bool() override { return true; }

size_t write(uint8_t b) override { return _stream.write(b); }
size_t write(const uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.write(buf, size); }
int available() override { return _stream.available(); }
int read() override { return _stream.read(); }
int read(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) override { return _stream.readBytes(buf, size); }
int peek() override { return _stream.peek(); }
void flush() override {}

private:
Stream& _stream;
};

</div>

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Viewing 7 posts - 1 through 7 (of 7 total)

@sabin

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